Backend

Websites typically have two essential parts - the front end and the backend. The front end is what you see on the web browser, while the backend (or server-side) comprises all the underlying processes and functionalities that occur "behind the scenes."

The backend refers to the components of an application or software code that facilitate its operation and are not directly visible or accessible to users. Most data is stored and processed in the backend of a system. The code is usually written in one or more programming languages. The backend is also known as the gateway to software or hardware data, encompassing all the functionality that must be accessible through digital channels. 

How does a backend work?

The backend is a combination of servers and databases. Servers determine how users access files, and databases are organized and structured data collections. 

Below is an example to help you understand how the backend works. 

You use your username and password when you want to log in to a website. The entered data is sent to the server-side software (the backend), where it is checked whether the combination of username and password is correct.  

If this is incorrect, you will receive a message: "Your login details are incorrect; please check the combination of your username and password." 

If this is correct, you will be logged in, you will see your user page on your screen, and you can get started with what you want to do. 

What tools are used in the backend?

Most tools fall within the following three categories: 

Programming languages

To create applications that enable communication between servers and databases. Think of languages like: 

• Python 

• PHP 

• Node.js 

• Java 

Frameworks

Frameworks accelerate and simplify software development, saving a developer time. Popular frameworks include: 

• Django 

• ExpressJS 

• Laravel 

Databases

Databases are used to store data. Commonly used database management systems are: 

• Oracle 

• MySQL 

• MongoDB